Evaluate the effect of the technological change on the business Essay

Assess the impact of the innovative change on the business condition of ''TOYOTA IN THE EU'' - Essay Example Strikingly, mechanical condition is interlinked with different properties of a monetary domain, for example, administrative strategies, GDP development rate and request of national just as universal market. These parts have been perceived to be changing in the European financial condition. For example, mechanical condition of the European Union (EU) has been seen to support nanotechnology and correspondence innovation instead of other innovative developments. Subsequently, this will greatly affect the presentation of organizations which are completely founded on the innovative condition, for example Toyota. With this worry, destinations of the paper will be to survey different changes happening in mechanical condition of the EU economy and its effect on the exhibition as well as authoritative activities of Toyota in EU. The conversation of the paper will be consequently focussed on distinguishing openings and difficulties which are probably going to be seen by the organization becaus e of the mechanical change in its business condition. Therefore, the paper will likewise mean to suggest not many critical measures for the organization. 2.0. Changes in Technological Environment of EU In cutting edge point of view, monetary condition and its segments have a urgent job in impacting the development of an economy. Scarcely any significant segments of affordable condition of an economy are its political, prudent, social and innovative condition. Most economies, alongside the EU have gotten to a great extent relied upon its innovative development which characterizes ecological angle as one of the most pivotal marvel of 21st century. Confirmations uncover that innovative condition of the EU is changing quickly with a solid effect on social and affordable condition on the loose. For example, the part nations which are a piece of the European Union, for example, Denmark, Germany and Poland are perceived to be to a great extent relied upon coal industry. Subsequently, these economies discharge higher measure of ozone depleting substances and produce bigger measure of warmth than different economies in the association. In actuality, innovative patterns of the association are perceived to be focussed on NBIC innovation, for example biotechnology, nanotechnology, data and correspondence innovation and intellectual science. This constrained the nations to set up end-of-pipe innovations, which thus will decrease unsafe effect of mechanical improvement on regular habitat of the association (Eurostat, 2010). Another significant pattern of the mechanical condition of the European Union was the implementation of expense on NOx in Sweden and comparable tax collection approaches on innovative practices which are destructive for condition in different nations. Strikingly, nearly 7% of innovation based firms of Sweden started to infer the accessible ‘abatement technologies’ in 1992 and after one year, number of firms utilizing these advancements expan ded to 62%. Along these lines, the tax assessment strategies likewise impacted business division of the economy (OECD, 2010). With a developing worry of eco-accommodating innovation, administrative structure of the association is likewise advancing eco-innovation and advancements. Because of this reality, most innovation based organizations are having a tendency to fuse sustainable advancements in their authoritative activities. Overseeing collections of the association likewise implemented

Innovation, Sustainability and the Human Race essays

Advancement, Sustainability and the Human Race expositions Since the start of development, people have been making imaginative approaches to streamline life. From the revelation of fire to present day propels in innovation, the principle objective was to rearrange affliction throughout everyday life. Albeit present day propels in innovation have demonstrated favorable, barely any individuals set aside the effort to survey what influence this forces on nature and planet, explicitly the utilization, and creation of material assets. With present day innovation, and definitive information from broad research, an individual must ask why America doesn't take a more grounded activity to ensure the earth. By saving normal assets this will help in amplifying and improving future environment openings. It is negative to people in the future and work to take measures to secure common assets. On the off chance that America doesn't roll out current improvements to do as such, people in the future will be in danger, possibly leaving these ages in consumpti on of regular assets. Corresponding to human utilization, Americans tend to expend in abundance. Ranch lands, for instance, have been excessively devoured for modern and business targets. As expressed by Professor Reid Ewing, Lands generally appropriate for developing harvests additionally will in general be generally reasonable for developing houses, (Turk and Bensel, 2011, p. 11). Land lost with the end goal of extension or the dissemination of urban or rural zones into lacking terrains is known as spread. Spread represents various natural issues. The improvement of an indigenous habitat harms common excellence and attacks arranging. This likewise improves the danger of water and air contamination to the earth. Spread improvements are structured in a way requiring utilization of cars. This requires expanded fuel utilization, builds air contamination, and the outflow of ozone depleting substances, which are liable for change in atmosphere, (Turk and Bensel, 2011). As land changes into shopping centers, i mprovements, and buildi... <!

Music History Essays - Musical Texture, Harmony, Classical Music

Music History Music has been an incredible impact in the lives of numerous individuals through verses and beat. There are various styles that can be performed by either a male or female. Music has been around for a long time and is continually evolving. Music has been isolated into six periods: Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, and Twentieth Century. Music is written in images that speak to melodic sounds. The arrangement of composed images is called Musical Notation. The essential necessity of any documentation is that it be fit to the music it speaks to (Gerboth). The least complex surface of music is monophonic or single voiced surface. Gregorian serenade is a case of monophonic surface. ?All music up to around a thousand years prior, of which we have any information, was monophonic (Machlis 295).? Its tune is heard with out a symphonious backup or other vocal lines and consideration is centered around the single line (Machlis 295). ?Right up 'til today the music of the Oriental world - of China, Japan, India, Java, Bali, and the Arab countries - is generally monophonic (Machlis 295).? Polyphonic or many-voiced surface is when at least two melodic lines are joined. Most Medieval polyphonic music is unknown, however a few writers were essential to the point that their name was saved alongside their music (Historical). The polyphonic surface depends on antithesis: the craftsmanship and study of joining in a solitary surface at least two synchronous melodic lines, each with its very own musical existence (Machlis 295-96). The advancement of antithesis occurred when authors were for the most part busy with strict choral music, which was by its temperament, many-voiced (Machlis 296). Polyphony must be written in a manner that would demonstrate the mood and pitch exactly. It brought the rise of ordinary meters that empowered various voices to remain together. Polychoral music will be music for a few chiors singing in answer to one another over the enormous resesses of the congregation (Frowler 122). Homophonic surface is a solitary song with harmonies (Machlis 296). Homophonic signifies same or comparable sounding. Its surface depends for the most part on concordance. This surface commanded the Classical style. The Medieval time frame was the longest and most removed time of melodic history and comprises of right around a thousand years of music (?Historical?). One of the challenges in considering Medieval music is that a framework for documenting music grew just bit by bit (Historical). A melodic documentation framework was begun in the twelfth or thirteenth century. Documentation in music, for a few centuries, just showed what pitch (or note) to sing. The Renaissance (1400-1600) started in fourteenth century Italy (Kirshner) and its name implies resurrection. A social break with Medieval custom was the Renaissance thought of humanism. ?The Renaissance was a period of splendid achievements in writing, science, and human expressions (Frowler 445) .? During the Renaissance there is an expansion in independence that is reflected by the changing job of the arranger (?Historical?). In late Renaissance instrumental music went toward a freedom from vocal music (Ulrich). The greater part of the well known melodies were played on the lute. The Renaissance, in expressions of the human experience, was on of the most inventive and dynamic time frames throughout the entire existence of Western man, in light of on the thoughtful development called humanism (Ulrich). The Baroque time frame (or Middle Ages) (1600-1750) is separated into three fifty-year terms, early, center, and late Baroque. Music of the Baroque time was portrayed by the unfathomability of extent, rich contrast, extraordinary splender and an exceptionally ornamented melodic line (Mautz). Rococo music is regularly profoundly fancy, bright and lavishly finished when contrasted and its forerunners (Historical). The term Baroque originated from a French word for a defective o r sporadic pearl (Frowler 448-49). ?The early ornate was a period of exceptional experimentation, drove in huge part by Italian writer Claudio Monteverdi (?Historical?). Many parts of the Baroque craftsmanship were controlled by religion (Sullavin). The force and quickness of Baroque craftsmanship and its independence and detail - saw in such things as the persuading rendering regarding material and skin surfaces - make it one of the most convincing times of Western Art (Sullavin). Major occasions of the mid seventeenth century were identified with the innovation of another strategy for arrangement called monodic style. Monodic style music was

How to Make Life More Interesting free essay sample

Hear some out various types of music. In the event that you’re as yet tuning in to similar melodies that you were years back, than it’s time to have a go at something new. Do you tune in to Hard Rock and Rap for the most part? Attempt Jazz or House Music. The incredible thing about this is with a huge number of specialists out there, there is continually something new. Type in the style you need into youtube and tune in to what comes out. You can likewise attempt Pandora and set it to the class you need to investigate. 2. Be open and converse with individuals This one is most likely perhaps the least demanding thing you can do to make your life all the more intriguing, however it’s stunning what number of individuals don’t do this. Best of all, you can do this anyplace. In the event that you’re bashful, than simply start little by saying greetings to individuals as they stroll past you. We will compose a custom exposition test on Step by step instructions to Make Life More Interesting or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the end you’ll beat your bashfulness and individuals will begin to open up to you. You’ll even discover a few people will begin discussions with you since you said hey. Once you’re open to doing that then you can move onto beginning a discussion. A simple method to do this is to discuss something in the earth around you. For instance, in the event that it is pouring out and you overlooked an umbrella and the individual close to you has one you can say how you wish you had brought one. Remember, there will be a few people who won’t talk much back, however in the event that you are relentless about this you can be in a garrulous express constantly. You’ll meet some intriguing and amusing individuals. 3. Attempt another sort of food. Be striking in this. This doesn’t mean difficult that new sandwich at the spot you eat at consistently. Absolutely become mixed up in another food. Attempt Ethiopian or Afghanistan food. Go anyplace that serves food you have never eaten. You can generally ask the individuals who work there what to arrange. Tell them you’ve never eaten it and that you’re searching for a great dish to attempt. They’ll comprehend what is well known on the menu and make some great proposals for you. They’ll even assistance you in articulating the names of the dishes you’re requesting. Odds are you’ll get a cordial server who will give you a general summary of what the cooking resembles and how it is readied. 4. Compose something†¦anything. It doesn’t matter in the event that you don’t have any composing ability. That hasn’t halted others previously. The initial step is to make sense of what to compose. You can compose a short story, sonnet, blog, haiku or remark on a blog entry (clue: you can do this beneath). It very well may be fiction or verifiable. Beginning is the crucial step and a few people can’t move beyond this. As a rule, I begin composing and simply let things come out. I’ll for the most part return to the start and eradicate the initial scarcely any sentences and supplant them with something better. On the off chance that you simply continue onward, you’ll in the long run compose something that is great. Regardless of whether it isn’t, you’ll have something that you made that is all your own. I’ve discovered things I’ve composed years back that I don’t even recall composing and it’s like you’re conversing with yourself from an earlier time. Furthermore, in the event that you decide to compose a sonnet and it is your first time composing a sonnet, be cautioned: It most likely will be terrible. Verse isn’t simple to compose. Trust me, I’ve discovered my very own portion from years ago†¦let’s simply leave it at that. 5. Make a video and put it onto Youtube Every moment 24 hours of film is transferred to youtube. On the off chance that you’ve never done this, you should. This is the main thing on the rundown that truly requires an uncommon sort of hardware since you’ll need a camcorder or the like. It doesn’t should be cutting edge since even computerized cameras can record recordings that can be transferred to youtube. The gear is just the beginning stage; you have to make sense of what to record. This can be anything. Reenact a scene from your preferred film with certain companions, simply talk into the camera about something you read or, if you’re extremely aspiring, make and alter you’re own short film. After it is transferred, you can impart it to your companions or any other person that you need and read any remarks that the individuals leave for you. 6. Attempt Origami The customary people work of art of Japan. It isn’t as troublesome as it would appear. There are a lot of spots on the web to discover how to do origami. There are numerous basic plans to begin with, for example, the crane or American Eagle. When you become better at doing the basic plans you can proceed onward to the extremely intricate structures, for example, the Alien or the Eiffel Tower. On the off chance that origami isn’t your style, you can likewise figure out how to make a paper emerged from a typical napkin. It is extremely simple to learn and once you do it a couple of times, it is anything but difficult to recollect. 7. Attempt another table game This goes past the conventional Clue or Monopoly assortment. There are such huge numbers of prepackaged games out there that you’ve likely never attempted. In the event that you like Chess than make a point to attempt Go, Shogi or Mancala. Additionally attempt Axis and Allies or Settlers of Catan. Every one of these games require procedure, not simply karma like many prepackaged games out there. These games extend from the relatvely new Settlers of Catan discharged in 1995 to Go that has roots that date to fourth Century BC. It is striking that Go is one of the main prepackaged games to be made and today stays well known inside Asia and is getting progressively famous in the West. The majority of these games can be discovered online in some structure. It will require some investment to become accustomed to their ongoing interaction, yet you’ll before long get things down. 8. Begin getting ready for a major excursion. Making arrangements for your next excursion some place can be entertaining. You get the opportunity to take a gander at the spots that you are thinking about going to and make sense of the things that you are going to see. For a little while or months you get the opportunity to envision the things you’ll do on your excursion. It gives you something to anticipate. It will be significantly increasingly a good time for you on the off chance that you haven’t been out traveling in quite a while. The arranging stage is a period of fervor. Where would you like to go? Somewhere you’ve never been in your own nation or some place universal? Maybe you need to go to a celebration like Carnival or the Running of the Bulls in Pamplona. Regardless of whether you don’t have the opportunity or cash to go out traveling at any point in the near future that shouldn’t stop you. In the end you’ll go out traveling. Making arrangements to travel some place makes it almost certain that you’ll really go there sometime in the not so distant future. 9. Get familiar with an unknown dialect totally not the same as your own Ok, let me explain this one. I realize that these are assume to be things that you can do promptly, however this truly is something you can do immediately. I’m not asking that you become conversant in an evening †that is outlandish. What you can do is gain proficiency with a couple of fundamental words and expressions. This is something you can do immediately. Regardless of whether you have no expectation of utilizing the language or getting familiar, it is as yet fascinating to perceive how another’s language functions and resembles. Take Swahili for example. Its look and sound is totally different from English. You can discover numerous locales on the web that will give you words and their elocution.

3d Technology And Effects Of Printing On The Environment - 1650 Words

3d Technology And The Effects Of Printing On The Environment (Research Paper Sample) Content: 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIESStudents Name:Course Title:Professors Name:Date:3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIESThe term 3d means turning a digital image into a 3 dime national print out. The most commonly known name that is used in describing 3D printing is additive manufacturing. This technology was first invented in the 1980s and has eventually grown since and has generally been used for rapid Prototyping (RP). (Gebler Visser, 2014) The recent advancement of 3D has seen it evolve to allow production of prototypes in to parts that can be used in the production of the final materials.The term 3D is manly used to in reference to the digital manufacturing technologies. It refers to the production of components parts which are arranged layer by layer by the use of additional materials. They are types of printing with some using molten plastic by dispensing it though nozzle and building a platform. This type of printing comes with different views and features that are beneficial to the society at large.Effects on 3D Technology in the SocietyAs the general public embraces 3D technologies the impact that has been brought by this type of production exhibit both negative and positive effects to the public. The idea of using 3D according to the public cuts down on work force. The claim that the use of computers to design prototypes denies the general public the much needed workforce; Although this is good in the manufacturing industries as it cuts down on costs and also its time efficient on the other hand it hurts the general public, (Rip Schot 1995)In 3D printing the use of layers enables the printing industries do design highly effective and complex shapes that was not possible with the traditional ways of printing. This is advantageous to the industries as the use of arithmetic and geometric calculations provides the required design in shaping and brings out a precise shape of the desired prototype. The manufacturing industries details that the use of 3D prin ting benefits them in that they use fewer tools and as such they save on office space and they also reduce the business risks.The integration of 3D digital technology has enabled the use of the internet and other peripherals to easily intergrade and produce designs that can help the scanning of human parts for medical purposes. With the introduction of such a technology it can allow the consumer or the patient who needs medical attention to easily scan the required part and the medics who are in another state can easily diagnose the printed part and offer solutions. The use of technology such as the acetabula cups which are used in the replacement of knee cups in case of injuries are scanned using the 3D printing technology (Ciatto et al, 2013)Groups that have benefited from this technology3D production has enabled different groups; examples are in the medical industries, building industries, manufacturing industries, nautical industries etc. However the property owners have raised the flag by claiming on infringement or protection of property rights. Many consumers and medical products can easily be scanned and send in to this printing machines which the property rights owners are against this. Currently there are over 100,000 3D machines that have been sold to date. Manufactures are increasingly manufacturing more machines some are plug and play and property rights owners are raising the flag that with the use of the internet and portable computers the technology might work against them, (Lau, 2011).The greatest threat being faced on the 3D bio printing is slowly advancing to include the printing of and producing bio living tissues is currently gaining opposition and causing a major ethical debate according to Gartner Inc. This is in line with the printing of non bio living devices like the prosthetic limbs with the combination of burgeoning population and the insufficient levels currently experienced in the health care that is likely to cause a surge in de mand for the advanced technology in the near future.The main opposition is in the regulation of this print out. When the market demand will super cede the supply what guarantee to consumers of this products have that will guarantee them the quality and safety especially in the health sector. This are some of the concerns that the populations is raising in regard to 3D printing of living tissues cells or the printing of other non living cells in the health sector.In the political section the will be vested interest when this technology will come into being with major political players demanding a share of the market. In the 3rd world countries where they will not have the resources to acquire this latest technology politicians from those countries will ride on that and it will become one of the major scandals of the centuries as cheap imports will be deposited in those countries regardless of the health hazards that may be incurred with such a move being under taken.The future innov ations are when one will be able to print human tissues cells using the advanced technology of 3D print...

Under the Jaguar Sun Three Themes, One Cohesive Whole - Literature Essay Samples

Italo Calvino’s Under the Jaguar Sun is based almost entirely on a foundation of three essential themes, all of which relate in some way to the sensation of taste. While Calvino creates many antitheses, the dissonances actually turn into wonderful resolutions. This applies specifically to the narrator’s transformation from the beginning to the end and through the Mexican cuisine. He stresses the need of reciprocity in the tradition of human sacrifice and cannibalism (everyone was potentially sacrificer and victim) and that the reciprocity is the prime (if not the only) reason that the practice endured. Lastly, he establishes the principles of the ouroboros, arguing that life must feed on other life in order to live. Calvino weaves these three themes into a harmonic core for his overarching theme of taste and digestion, establishing the ritual cannibalism not as repulsive, but rather as uniting and intimate.Calvino uses numerous antitheses throughout Under the Jaguar Su n, and indeed they seem to make up the strongest basis for all his other themes. By the second sentence, the reader is already hit with an antithesis: the hotel (which is considered largely secular) was once the Convent of Santa Catalina (which is sacred). This transformation from religious to profane reappears in a scene near the very end of the narrative, in which the narrator and Olivia (who, although not with absolute certainty, appears to be his wife) take on the chacmool pose. Whereas the original chacmool would have held a tray to hold divine offerings of human hearts for the gods, the narrator and Olivia have on their laps a â€Å"tray with the anonymous hotel breakfast† (Calvino 27), which is far from godlike. However, they still attempt to hide the â€Å"subtle messages of asperity and sourness† (Calvino 27) with sweet pulps, which isn’t unlike what Salustiano Velazco speculated the Aztecs may have done with the human flesh. Perhaps, then, this scene a lso symbolizes the narrator and Olivia’s understanding or growth in the Mexican culture. This growth extends from the beginning to the end of the piece and is shown distinctly in the narrator as he transforms, so to speak, from someone who tends to â€Å"define experiences verbally and conceptually† (Calvino 11), placing a heavy emphasis on word use and diction, to someone who becomes a part of nature as a whole- an experience that words cannot adequately describe. His transformation is probably the most overarching of all of Calvino’s antitheses. It takes place over the course of the entire passage, and most of the other antitheses branch off of the narrator’s transforming experiences.For instance, the narrator’s recurring experiences of Mexican cuisine highlights one of Calvino’s most important antitheses that harmonize into one coherent blend- and that cuisine itself is the product of Mexico’s own blending heritage. â€Å"The cale ndars of the ancient Mexican civilizations, carved on the reliefs, represent a cyclic, tragic concept of time† (Calvino 13), and indeed, â€Å"time was not an empty, abstract measurement to the Aztecs, but rather something concrete, a force or substance or fluid perpetually being used up† (Paz 93). However, although Octavio Paz argues that â€Å"one period of time ended and another came back† (Paz 94), â€Å"perhaps the peoples that history defines as the successive occupants of these territories were merely a single people† (Calvino 13). Perhaps each cycle in the ancient Mexican civilizations’ weren’t completely separate from one another, but instead all contributed to the beginning stages of an â€Å"elaborate and bold cuisine† (Calvino 5), which occurred â€Å"where the two civilizations [America and Spain] had merged, or perhaps where the conquered had triumphed† (Calvino 7). And just as the â€Å"differing traditions and c ultural heritages mixed together and at last became one† (Paz 91), various flavors in its cuisine also were brought together into a remarkable blend, which the narrator describes numerous times during his experiences of Mexico: his chiles en nogada are â€Å"swimming in a walnut sauce whose harshness and bitter aftertaste were drowned in a creamy, sweetish surrender† (Calvino 5), his â€Å"crisp tortillas [†¦] dip like spoons into [†¦] the fat softness of the aguacate†, and â€Å"cabrito [†¦] provoked surprise, because the teeth would encounter first a crisp bit, then one that melted in the mouth† (Calvino 23)- to list a few. As he traveled â€Å"from one locality to the next the gastronomic lexicon varied, always offering new items to be recorded and new sensations to be defined† (Calvino 8). Each new menu symbolizes- literally and figuratively- a new experience that brings him closer to the lived experience in the heart of Mexican c ulture.Before they are ingested by any menus, however, Olivia and the narrator’s original temperaments can be captured through the painting of the young nun and old priest, as it depicts a nearly opposite situation from the one that they are in at the time: while the nun and priest desperately love one another but cannot seem to reach one another, â€Å"the physical bond between Olivia and [the narrator] was going through a phase of rarefaction† (Calvino 10), meaning that they had the capability to reach one another but did not have much of a desire to do so. As a couple, they contrast with the couple in the painting. Yet they also display differing thought processes amongst themselves regarding the painting: he is greatly concerned with slight nuances in the exact words in the painting’s caption (such as his careful distinction between three different words for â€Å"love†), while she, although interested in the painting as well, seems almost impatient t o move on, â€Å"to eat chiles en nogada† (Calvino 4). Thus, Olivia is the first to have the desire to actually experience Mexico. It is fitting, then, that she immediately took a curiosity and interest in the ancient practice of Aztec human sacrifice and cannibalism, repetitively asking â€Å"what [was done] with the victims’ bodies afterward† (Calvino 15). And, also to be expected, the narrator â€Å"could not explain her insistence to [himself]† (Calvino 15).Although at first glance it is mostly unapparent, Calvino also sneaks in a few synesthesias- that is, he produces other sensations (mostly taste) through his descriptions of sounds- throughout Under the Jaguar Sun. These synesthesias create an underlying tone so that the experiences of taste are â€Å"exercised on the receptivity of all the senses† (Calvino 5). The most obvious example of this is displayed through the cuisine that makes the â€Å"flavors’ highest notes vibrate, juxta posing them in modulations, in chords, and especially in dissonances† (Calvino 5), but other intriguing examples can be uncovered upon closer examination of the piece, including one that can be comparative to the flavors’ harmonizing: the orchestra that was playing for â€Å"the varicolored, shirtsleeved tourists† (Calvino 21) both old and young- merging them all together as if they were the same, neither old nor young. So, just as flavors harmonize into chords, the different people harmonize into one culture. As a further example, the tea party was largely a â€Å"spectacular acoustical event [†¦] [made up of] the tinkling of cups and spoons and of knives cutting slices of cake† (Calvino 17), which largely attribute to the sensation of taste even though the description itself is of sound. However, since the narrator himself is not experiencing the taste, the noises are represented as clashes rather than chords, as he isn’t tuned in to the flav ors.Interestingly, although the astonishing blend of flavors in Mexican dishes amazes the narrator, he doesn’t seem to begin becoming experience-oriented until nearly the middle of the narrative. The turning point, one could argue, is when he â€Å"realized [his] gaze was resting not on [Olivia’s] eyes but on her teeth, [†¦] which [he] happened to be seeing for the first time not as the radiant glow of a smile but as the instruments most suited to their purpose: to be dug into flesh, to sever it, tear it† (Calvino 16). From that point forward, it seems, he finds it more and more difficult to hold onto his detail-oriented self; he must rely more heavily on experiences. For instance, when Salustiano is conversing with them on the patio outside the tea party, â€Å"the archeological and ethnographical details [that the narrator] would have very much liked to hear sentence by sentence, [†¦] were lost in the reverberations of the feast† (Calvino 18). How fitting, that the feast would make â€Å"the flavors’ highest notes vibrate, juxtaposing them in modulations, in chords, and especially in dissonances that would assert themselves as an incomparable experience† (Calvino 5), that drowns out the narrator’s once-precious words and details! Furthermore, when â€Å"[Salustiano] was talking about the human sacrifices† (Calvino 18)-which is more directly about cultural experience- â€Å"his words now overcame more easily the barrier of sound that separated [them]† (Calvino 19), despite their increased softness. Surely the narrator’s transformation is largely the cause of such a paradox.However, although it is apparent that the narrator is well on his way on his transformation, there is evidence suggesting that it is still incomplete. For one, the narrator imagines Olivia eating him, a â€Å"relationship which in [his] imaginings [he] thought corresponded to Olivia’s deepest desiresâ₠¬  (Calvino 24), yet she apparently found him to be â€Å"insipid† (Calvino 25), or without flavor. Thus, he reasons â€Å"the Mexican cuisine, with all its boldness and imagination, was needed if Olivia was to feed on [him] with satisfaction† (Calvino 25)- a conclusion that obviously points out his need to taste more of Mexico, and actually to take on some of Mexico’s harmonic flavor to cover up his own blandness. His old self would have been too preoccupied with details and words to realize this. Additionally, even after having been in Mexico for a lengthy period of time, the narrator still continues to place high importance on information that he can find in reading- such as when he read that the chacmool was a â€Å"messenger of the gods [†¦] in a guidebook† (Calvino 25). But he did continue further, asking intelligent questions that would have only occurred to him from experiencing and understanding the ancient culture- not simply regurgitating words from a guidebook. In conclusion, the narrator is gradually being absorbed into the Mexican culture.And as such, the height of the narrator’s experience can be depicted through his want to taste human flesh (this is his last â€Å"menu item†, regarding my former statement that each new menu brings a new experience), which obviously reflects ancient Aztec traditions. This need for the experience of cannibalism (in a metaphoric sense) brings in the next of Calvino’s themes: the need for reciprocity. Although the narrator was imagining â€Å"the sensation of [Olivia’s] teeth in [his] flesh† (Calvino 23), at the same time he â€Å"felt also that [he] was acting on her, transmitting sensations that spread from the taste buds through her whole body† (Calvino 23). Therefore, â€Å"it was a reciprocal and complete relationship, which involved [them] and overwhelmed [them]† (Calvino 23). In the same sense, â€Å"all were potentially bot h sacrificer and victim† (Calvino 26) in the ancient tradition of human sacrifice, and, indeed, â€Å"without this reciprocity, human sacrifice would be unthinkable† (Calvino 26). Largely due to the fact that Aztec human sacrifices were reciprocal (and that the tradition endured), the narrator concludes that â€Å"the most appetizingly flavored human flesh belongs to the eater of human flesh† (Calvino 26). Through this conclusion, he comes to yet another transforming realization: â€Å"it was only by feeding ravenously on Olivia that [he] would cease being tasteless to her palate† (Calvino 26). In other words, he couldn’t just imagine her eating him; in order for it to be a successful relationship, he would have to eat her as well. Their relationship must be reciprocal, just as the ancient human sacrifices were reciprocal.Thus, reciprocity marks a milestone late in the narrator’s transformation- whereas at the beginning of the narrative he is largely separate from his wife, eating side by side, now that he is being further infused into Mexican culture he is beginning to realize that instead they should interact with each other- which goes beyond eating â€Å"normal† food, no matter how well blended that food may be. By eating each other, their ties to Mexican culture transcends time and brings them into the â€Å"universal cannibalism† (Calvino 29) that everything in nature takes part in. And indeed, this universal cannibalism represents Calvino’s third theme, the theme regarding the ouroboros, which brings the narrator fully into his new, transformed self. Even if we attempt to ignore it, we are all part of the this â€Å"universal cannibalism†, although unlike the ancient Aztecs, for whom â€Å"there was no mystification†, (Calvino 22), Olivia realizes that we â€Å"tear one another apart, pretending not to know it, pretending not to taste flavors anymore† (Calvino 22). This s tatement echoes the one Howard Neverov makes in his poem â€Å"Grace to Be Said in the Supermarket†, in which he refers to mankind as â€Å"Great Geometers† to portray us as sort of gods, who put animal meat into â€Å"cubes,† â€Å"cylinders,† â€Å"ellipsoids,† and â€Å"squares and oblongs with all the edges beveled†. Basically his main point is that we try to ignore the fact that we are eating life because we find it repulsive- and Calvino produces the same message through Olivia. Yet no matter how we present it, the fact remains the same: we are all basically â€Å"a bunch of tubes with teeth on top†. We eat life to live, and through living produce more â€Å"tubes with teeth on top†; the cycle continues on and on, just as the ouroboros symbol would suggest.It is when the narrator realizes this- when he suddenly realizes that he must become part of the life around him and not merely describe it- that he completes his trans formation. He jumps from being just halfway infused into his newfound self to suddenly â€Å"living and dying in all the fibers of what is chewed and digested and in all the fibers that absorb the sun, consuming and digesting† (Calvino 29). There is nothing gradual about the final stage of his transformation. As the narrator is exploring the Palenque temples in a constant â€Å"up-and-down† movement (through his climbing of staircases etc), he takes a final â€Å"[plunge] down, [his] throat cut by the knife of the king-priest, down the high steps onto the forest of tourists with super-8s and usurped, broad-brimmed sombreros† (Calvino 28). This plunge could easily represent â€Å"the descent of [his] body to the subterranean gods and its rebirth as vegetation† (Calvino 28). If so, then one could argue that he became part of his surroundings, part of the vegetation, and â€Å"the solar energy coursed along dense networks of blood and chlorophyll† (Ca lvino 28). All in all, his transformation was complete.Furthermore, the narrator describes personal â€Å"ups and downs to which, over a long period, the life of every couple is subject† (Calvino 10)- and his rebirth (or his coming â€Å"up† from his downward plunge) blatantly illustrates this prospect. He has been in a â€Å"phase of rarefaction† (Calvino 10), but now that he has been brought back â€Å"up†, so to speak, â€Å"[his and Olivia’s] teeth began to move slowly, with equal rhythm, and [their] eyes stared into each other’s with the intensity of serpents† (Calvino 29). Whereas flavors were made â€Å"especially in dissonances† (Calvino 5) in the beginning of the story, the harmonious and reciprocal intimacy of cannibalism between Olivia and the narrator is in â€Å"equal rhythm† (Calvino 29) by the end. In short, Calvino has resolved the dissonances of his earlier antitheses into harmony through the transformat ion of the narrator.Actually, that is but one of Calvino’s themes that completes in this final scene. In fact, it is in this scene during which the narrator and Olivia join together with renewed fervor that all three of Calvino’s themes merge: While Calvino’s early synesthesias are displayed â€Å"especially in dissonances† (Calvino 5), by the end of the piece they are displayed in â€Å"equal rhythm† (Calvino 29); Olivia and the narrator are â€Å"swallowing each other in turn† (Calvino 29), just as was essential for the practice of ancient human cannibalism; and they become part of â€Å"the universal cannibalism† (Calvino 29)- that is, they are part of the ouroboros, symbolized by â€Å"being swallowed [†¦] by the serpent that digests us all, assimilated ceaselessly in the process of ingestion and digestion† (Calvino 29). The narrator has transformed, he and Olivia are reciprocally intimate, and through eating each othe r they replace the serpent eating its own tail as the symbolic ouroboros. In short, Calvino has beautifully tied his three themes together into one final harmonic, cohesive conclusion.

Definition and Examples of Semi-Negatives in English

In English grammar, a semi-negative is a word (such as seldom) or an expression (such as hardly ever) that is not strictly negative but is almost negative in meaning. Also called a  near negative or broad negative. Semi-negatives (also called near negatives) include the use of hardly, barely, rarely as adjuncts, and little and few as quantifiers. In terms of grammar, a semi-negative often has the same effect as a negative (such as never or not) on the rest of the sentence. Examples and Observations She hardly ever cries but lies quietly in her crib, as if in a reverie. (Lilka Trzcinska-Croydon, The Labyrinth of Dangerous Hours, 2004)She scarcely ever cries, and she seems perfectly content most of the time. (B.J. Hoff, Where Grace Abides, 2009)Nora starts crying. She almost never cries. (Carol Anshaw, Lucky in the Corner, 2002)Everybody dislikes having to work and make money, but they have to do it all the same. Im sure Ive often pitied a poor girl, tired out and in low spirits, having to try to please some man that she doesnt care two straws for — some half-drunken fool that thinks hes making himself agreeable when hes teasing and worrying and disgusting a woman so that hardly any money could pay her for putting up with it. (Mrs. Warren in Mrs. Warrens Profession by George Bernard Shaw, 1893)Why, Jane, we can hardly expect Clara to bear, with perfect firmness, the worry and torment that David has occasioned her today. (Mr. Murdstone in David Copperfield by Charles Dicken s, 1850)I call her Nina, but I could hardly have known her name yet, hardly could we have had time, she and I, for any preliminary. (Vladimir Nabokov, Spring in Fialta. The Stories of Vladimir Nabokov. Vintage, 1997) Inversion With Semi-Negatives Negative and semi-negative words have the property of inducing inversion of subject and finite verb form (auxiliary) when they are in initial position, as in:(5a) Never had she experienced such a feeling of real power.(5b) The fog was heavy. Hardly could we distinguish the contours of the house.It is surely an obvious thought to postulate that hardly contains a negation in its logico-semantic analysis, so that it is analysed as, for example, almost not. (Pieter A. M. Seuren, A View of Language. Oxford University Press, 2001)Scarcely was the locket well in my hand before I had it undone, finding a thumbnick whereby, after a little persuasion, the back, though rusted, could be opened on a hinge. (J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, 1898) It is important to remember that inversion is used only when the negative or near negative refers to a part of the sentence other than the subject. Not a single ship did they see. (A single ship is the direct object.) Never had he gone there alone before. (Never is an adverb.) Little do they know about  their sons affairs. (Here, little functions as an adverb.) Compare these sentences to the following sentences, in which the negative or near-negative refers to the subject of the sentence so that no inversion is used. Little water can be found in the desert.Not a single ship was found.No human being can learn in that kind of situation. Positive Tag Questions With Semi-Negatives A number of adverbials, e.g. barely, hardly, little, scarcely, and the determiners/pronouns little and few are so nearly negative that they function much like true negative words. Thus they take positive question tags: Its barely/scarcely possible, is it?Few people know this, do they? Dont romanticize Yasmin, Hakim says.Thats hardly possible, is it, given her situation? Sources TOEFL Paper-and-Pencil, 3rd ed. Kaplan, 2004Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1998Tom Filer, Finding Mahmoud, 2001